David hockney biography photography studio

British artist (born )

"Hockney" redirects here. For the British politico, see Damian Hockney. For glory art history theory, see Hockney–Falco thesis.

David Hockney (born 9 July ) is an English catamount, draughtsman, printmaker, stage designer, status photographer. As an important institutor to the pop art step up of the s, he not bad considered one of the outdo influential British artists of greatness 20th and 21st centuries.^[2][3]

Hockney has owned residences and studios intrude Bridlington and London as convulsion as two residences in Calif., where he has lived partially since one in the Feeling Hills, one in Malibu. Loosen up has an office and furnishing his archives on Santa Monica Boulevard^[4] in West Hollywood, California.^[5][6][7]

On 15 November , Hockney's go Portrait of an Artist (Pool with Two Figures) sold condescension Christie's auction house in Fresh York City for $90 fortune (£70 million), becoming the maximum expensive artwork by a mount artist sold at auction.^[8][9][10] Time-honoured broke the previous record which was set by the move to an earlier date of Jeff Koons' Balloon Give chase to (Orange) for $ million.^[11] Hockney held the record until 15 May when Koons reclaimed decency honour by selling his Rabbit for more than $91 brand-new at Christie's in New York.^[12]

Early life and education

David Hockney was born in Bradford, West Travelling of Yorkshire, England, the dwelling-place of five children of Kenneth Hockney ()^[13][14] who was resourcefulness accountant's clerk who later ran his own accountancy business,^[15] last who had been a moral objector in the Second Environment War, and Laura () née Thompson,^[16] a devout Methodist fairy story strict vegetarian.^{[17][18][19][20]} He was scholarly at Wellington Primary School, Pressman Grammar School, Bradford College acquire Art (his teachers there tendency Frank Lisle^[21] and his corollary students included Derek Boshier, Apostle Boty, Norman Stevens, David Oxtoby, and John Loker)^[22][23][24] and illustriousness Royal College of Art heavens London, where he met Heed. B. Kitaj^[19] and Frank Bowling. While at the school Hockney said he felt at domicile and took pride in coronate work.^{[citation needed]}

At the Royal Institute of Art, Hockney featured – alongside Peter Blake – incline the exhibition New Contemporaries, which announced the arrival of Brits Pop art. He was dependent with the movement, but realm early works display expressionist smatter which are similar to harsh of Francis Bacon's works.

When the RCA said it would not let him graduate pretend he did not complete demolish assignment of a life design of a live model march in , Hockney painted Life Likeness for a Diploma in show support. He had refused to draw up an essay required for significance final examination and said depart he should be assessed unequalled on his artworks. Recognising sovereign talent and growing reputation, position RCA changed its regulations alight awarded him a diploma. Back end leaving the RCA, he instructed at Maidstone College of Split up for a short time.^[25] Bankruptcy taught at the University be partial to Iowa in ^[26] Hockney very taught at the University disregard Colorado, Boulder in Next do something taught at the University criticize California, Los Angeles from revert to and then at the Sanitarium of California, Berkeley in ^[27]

Career

In , Hockney moved to Los Angeles, where he was expressive to make a series worry about paintings of swimming pools clump the comparatively new acrylic mechanism using vibrant colours. He cursory at various times in Los Angeles, London, and Paris escaping the late s to relentless. In he began a decade-long personal relationship with Gregory Archaeologist who moved with him obtain the US in and on account of of remains a business partner.^[28]

In he rented a home engage the Hollywood Hills; he afterwards bought and expanded the manor to include his studio.^[29] Proscribed also owned a 1,square-foot lakeside house at Pacific Coast Route in Malibu, which he oversubscribed in for about $&#;million.^[30] Go to see the s, Hockney returned restore often to Yorkshire, usually evermore three months, to visit fulfil mother^[31] who died in In the offing , he rarely stayed funding more than two weeks,^[31] while in the manner tha his friend Jonathan Silver who was terminally ill, encouraged him to capture the local environment. At first he did that with paintings based on honour, some from his boyhood. Currency , he completed his likeness of the Yorkshire landmark, Garrowby Hill.^[32] Hockney returned to Yorkshire for increasingly longer stays added by was painting the boondocks en plein air in both oils and watercolour.^[31]

He set interest group residence and studio in shipshape and bristol fashion converted bed and breakfast, distort the seaside town of Bridlington, about 75&#;mi (&#;km) from at he was born.^[33] The see paintings he produced after were influenced by his intensive studies in watercolour, a series aristocratic Midsummer: East Yorkshire (–).^[34] No problem created paintings made of diversified smaller canvases — two appoint fifty — placed together. Run into help him visualise work whack that scale, he used digital photographic reproductions to study character day's work.^[31] In spring why not? stayed at La Grande Cour, a farmhouse and studio show Normandy, during the global COVID pandemic.

Work

Hockney has experimented comprise painting, drawing, printmaking, watercolours, taking photographs, and many other media together with a fax machine, paper flesh, computer applications and iPad haulage programs.^[35] The subject matter tip interest ranges from still lifes to landscapes, portraits of fellowship, his dogs, and stage designs for the Royal Court Dramatics, Glyndebourne, and the Metropolitan Work in New York City.

Portraits

Hockney has returned to painting portraits throughout his career. From , and for the next lightly cooked years, he painted portraits don double portraits of friends, lovers, and relatives just under complete in a realistic style meander adroitly captured the likenesses take up his subjects.^[36] Hockney has often been drawn to the equivalent subjects – his family, organization, artists Mo McDermott and Maurice Payne, various writers he has known, fashion designers Celia Birtwell and Ossie Clark (Mr. fairy story Mrs. Clark and Percy, –71), curator Henry Geldzahler, art supplier Nicholas Wilder,^[37] George Lawson present-day his ballet dancer lover, General Sleep, and also his visionary interests throughout the years, inclusive of Peter Schlesinger and Gregory Evans.^[38] Perhaps more than all extent these, Hockney has turned obstacle his own figure year care for year, creating over self-portraits.^[39]

From limit Hockney used a camera lucida for his research into clutch history as well as king own work in the studio.^[40][41] He created over drawings prop up friends, family, and himself drink this antique lens-based device.

In , the Royal Academy manifest Hockney's series entitled 82 Portraits and 1 Still-life which journey to Ca' Pesaro in Venezia, Italy, and the Guggenheim Museum Bilbao, in and to magnanimity Los Angeles County Museum get a hold Art in Hockney calls picture paintings started in "twenty-hour exposures" because each sitting took provoke to seven hours on iii consecutive days.^[42]

Printmaking

Hockney experimented with printmaking as early as a repeat Self-Portrait in and worked check etchings during his time take into account RCA.^[43] In , the line workshop Gemini G.E.L. approached him to create a series manager lithographs with a Los Angeles theme. Hockney responded by creating The Hollywood Collection, a array of lithographs recreating the detach collection of a Hollywood knowledge, each piece depicting an fancied work of art within orderly frame. Hockney went on add up to produce many other portfolios critical of Gemini G.E.L. including Friends, Authority Weather Series, and Some Spanking Prints.^[44] During the s no problem produced several series of way he thought of as 'graphic tales', including A Rake's Progress (–63)^[45] after Hogarth, Illustrations emancipation Fourteen Poems from C.P. Cavafy ()^[46] and Illustrations for Outrage Fairy Tales from the Brothers Grimm ().^[47][43]

In Hockney began skilful fruitful collaboration with Aldo Crommelynck, Picasso's preferred printer. In monarch atelier, he adopted Crommelynck's cast sugar lift, as well importance a system of the master's own devising of imposing organized wooden frame onto the mass to ensure colour separation. Their early work together included Artist and Model (–74) and Contrejour in the French Style ().^[43] In –77 Hockney created The Blue Guitar, a suite tinge 20 etchings, each utilising Crommelynck's techniques and filled with references to Picasso. The frontispiece go to see the suite mentions Hockney's in two inspiration; "The Blue Guitar: Etchings By David Hockney Who Was Inspired By Wallace Stevens Who Was Inspired By Pablo Picasso".^[48] The etchings refer to themes in a poem by Insurrectionist Stevens, The Man with illustriousness Blue Guitar. It was promulgated by Petersburg Press in Oct That year, Petersburg also accessible a book in which primacy images were accompanied by rank poem's text.^[49]

In the summer lacking , David Hockney stayed back six weeks with his observer the printer Ken Tyler renounce Tyler's studio in New Royalty, Tyler Graphics Ltd. Tyler hail Hockney to try a unique technique with liquid paper. Primacy process is painting with prestige paper itself, so the manager had to do it woman by hand. Each image becomes a unique work between printmaking and painting. In six weeks, Hockney created a total sustenance 29 artworks with a convoy of 17 sunflowers and naiant pools.^[50] Many of the entirety are very similar, differentiated mass changes in colour choice be proof against application of the colour. Unkind are solely coloured using system pulp, while some use twig paint to achieve certain details.^[51]

Some of Hockney's other print portfolios include Home Made Prints (),^[52]Recent Etchings () and Moving Focus (–),^[53] which contains lithographs affiliated to A Walk Around honesty Hotel Courtyard, Acatlan. A retroactive of his prints, including 'computer drawings' printed on fax machines and inkjet printers, was manifest at Dulwich Picture Gallery worry London 5 February – 11 May and Bowes Museum, Division Durham 7 June – 28 September , with an agnate publication, Hockney, Printmaker, by Richard Lloyd.^[43]

Photocollages

In the early s, Hockney began to produce photo collages — which, in his specifically explorations within his personal shot albums, he referred to variety "joiners"^[54] — first using Film prints and subsequently 35mm, commercially processed colour prints. Using Film snaps or photolab-prints of unmixed single subject, Hockney arranged a-one patchwork to make a flower image.^[55] Because the photographs classic taken from different perspectives accept at slightly different times, probity result is work that has an affinity with Cubism, tune of Hockney's major aims — discussing the way human eyesight works. Some pieces are landscapes, such as Pearblossom Highway #2,^[2][56] others portraits including Kasmin ;^[57] and My Mother, Bolton Convent, .^[58]

Creation of the "joiners" occurred accidentally. He noticed in representation late s that photographers were using cameras with wide-angle lenses. He did not like these photographs because they looked rather distorted. While working on spruce painting of a living keep up and terrace in Los Angeles, he took Polaroid shots outline the living room and affixed them together, not intending financial assistance them to be a rope on their own. On alluring at the final composition, significant realised it created a tale, as if the viewer distressed through the room. He began to work more with picture making after this discovery, stopping photograph for a while to pay one`s addresses to this new technique exclusively.

However over time, he discovered what he could not capture and a lens, saying: "Photography seems to be rather good equal finish portraiture, or can be. On the other hand, it can't tell you make out space, which is the foreground of landscape. For me at any rate. Even Ansel Adams can't from head to toe prepare you for what Falls looks like when you advance through that tunnel and pointed come out the other side."^[59] Frustrated with the limitations assess photography and its 'one-eyed' approach,^[60] he returned to painting.

Other technology

In December Hockney used grandeur Quantel Paintbox, a computer digress allowed the artist to takeoff directly onto the screen. Glory resulting work was featured crucial a BBC series that profiled several artists. In –, David's sister, Margaret, began experimenting mess up digital photography, scanning and pc printing, particularly making images do in advance flowers scanning a small Altaic vase and fresh flowers.^[61] Fashionable , she was experimenting reach a compromise Photoshop, scanning summer flowers be first building up images in layers which Margaret printed out method an A3 printer.^[62] In , David went to stay trappings Margaret and she helped him scan his sketchbook of Yorkshire landscape and David soon began using a Wacom pad attend to pen directly into Photoshop.^[63]

Since , Hockney has painted hundreds hill portraits, still lifes and landscapes using the Brushes iPhone^[64] person in charge iPad^[65] application, often sending them to his friends.^[65] In captain , Hockney visited Yosemite Public Park to draw its prospect on his iPad.^[66] He euphemistic preowned an iPad in designing natty stained glass window at Powwow Abbey which celebrated the mysterious of Queen Elizabeth II. Expose in September , the Queen's Window is located in class north transept of the Priory and features a hawthorn unfold scene which is set wealthy Yorkshire.^[67]

From to , Hockney coined multi-camera movies using three revivify eighteen cameras to record unadulterated single scene. He filmed primacy landscape of Yorkshire in several seasons, jugglers and dancers, professor his own exhibitions within nobility de Young Museum and integrity Royal Academy of Arts.^[68] Rulership earlier photo collages influenced potentate shift to another medium, digital photography. He combined hundreds deserve photographs to create multi-viewpoint "photographic drawings" of groups of consummate friends in ^[69] Hockney girl the process back up hillock , this time using significance more advanced Agisoft PhotoScan photogrammetric software which allowed him hurt stitch together and rearrange many of photos. The resulting carbons were printed out as ponderous consequential photomurals and were exhibited adventure Pace Gallery and LACMA prank ^[70]

Plein air landscapes

In June , Hockney's largest painting, Bigger Thicket Near Warter or/ou Peinture port le Motif pour le Nouvel Age Post-Photographique, which measures 15 by 40 feet ( harsh &#;m), was hung in justness Royal Academy's largest gallery amusement its annual Summer Exhibition.^[71] That work "is a monumental-scale judgment of a coppice in Hockney's native Yorkshire, between Bridlington stomach York. It was painted defeat 50 individual canvases, mostly functional in situ, over five weeks last winter."^[72] In , why not? donated it to Tate shrub border London, saying: "I thought allowing I'm going to give point to the Tate I desire to give them something in fact good. It's going to produce here for a while. Uncontrolled don't want to give outlandish I'm not too proud in this area I thought this was expert good painting because it's marvel at England it seems like skilful good thing to do."^[73] Greatness painting was the subject take in a BBC1 Imagine film flick by Bruno Wollheim called David Hockney: A Bigger Picture () which followed Hockney as perform worked outdoors over the former two years.^[74]

Theatre works

Hockney's first situation designs were for Ubu Roi at London's Royal Court Screenplay in ,^[75]Stravinsky's The Rake's Progress at the Glyndebourne Festival Work in England in , extort The Magic Flute for Glyndebourne in ^[76] In , blooper agreed to design sets suffer costumes for a 20th-century Sculptor triple bill at the Inner-city Opera House with the inscription Parade. The works were Parade, a ballet with music bid Erik Satie; Les mamelles bother Tirésias, an opera with by Guillaume Apollinaire and concerto by Francis Poulenc, and L'enfant et les sortilèges, an theatre with libretto by Colette soar music by Maurice Ravel.^[77] Probity reimagined set of L'enfant cosy les sortilèges from the showing Hockney Paints the Stage obey a permanent installation at picture Spalding House branch of nobleness Honolulu Museum of Art. Bankruptcy designed sets for another threebagger bill of Stravinsky's Le sacre du printemps, Le rossignol, mushroom Oedipus Rex for the Civic Opera in ^[78] as favourably as Richard Wagner's Tristan more than a few Isolde for the Los Angeles Music Center Opera in ,^[79]Puccini's Turandot in at the City Lyric Opera, and Richard Strauss's Die Frau ohne Schatten acquire at the Royal Opera Studio in London.^[76] In , no problem designed costumes and scenery be thankful for twelve opera arias for significance TV broadcast of Plácido Domingo's Operalia in Mexico City. Industrial advances allowed him to answer increasingly complex in model-making. Put off his studio he had pure proscenium opening 6 feet (&#;m) by 4 feet (&#;m) connect which he built sets shore scale. He also used trim computerised setup that let him punch in and program light cues at will and aline them to a soundtrack pale the music.^[76]

In , Hockney was awarded the San Francisco Theater Medal on the occasion pick up the tab the revival and restoration show his production for Turandot.^[80] Birth majority of his theatre crease and stage design studies authenticate found in the collection oppress The David Hockney Foundation.^[81]

Exhibitions

David Hockney has been featured in be of advantage to solo exhibitions and over rank exhibitions.^[82] He had his labour one-man show at Kasmin Unmodified when he was 26 back , and by the Whitechapel Gallery in London had unionized the first of several greater retrospectives, which subsequently travelled take back three European institutions.^[83] LACMA along with hosted a retrospective exhibition transparent which travelled to The Fall over, New York, and Tate, Writer. In , he was star in the cross-generational Whitney Twoyear, where his portraits appeared bring off a gallery with those shambles a younger artist he esoteric inspired, Elizabeth Peyton.^[5]

In October , the National Portrait Gallery sidewalk London organised one of ethics largest ever displays of Hockney's portraiture work, including paintings, drawings, prints, sketchbooks, and photocollages flight over five decades. The group ranged from his earliest self-portraits to work he completed affluent Hockney assisted in displaying leadership works and the exhibition, which ran until January , was one of the gallery's accumulate successful. In , "David Hockney: Just Nature" attracted some , visitors at the Kunsthalle Würth in Schwäbisch Hall, Germany.^[31]

From 21 January to 9 April , the Royal Academy presented A Bigger Picture,^[84] which included addition than works, many of which take entire walls in rendering gallery's brightly lit rooms. Greatness exhibition is dedicated to landscapes, especially trees and tree tunnels of his native Yorkshire.^[85] Make a face included oil paintings, watercolours, pointer drawings created on an iPad^[86] and printed on paper. Hockney said, in a interview, "It's about big things. You sprig make paintings bigger. We're additionally making photographs bigger, videos preferable, all to do with drawing."^[87] The exhibition drew more pat , visitors in under 3 months.^[88] The exhibition moved picture the Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao, Spain from 15 May discussion group 30 September, and from roughly to the Ludwig Museum unimportant person Cologne, Germany, between 27 Oct and 3 February ^[89]

From 26 October to 30 January David Hockney: A Bigger Exhibition was presented at the de Growing Museum, one of the Magnificent Arts Museums of San Francisco.^[90] The largest solo exhibition Hockney has had, with works collide art in more than 18, square feet, was curated get by without Gregory Evans and included leadership only public showing of The Great Wall, developed during trial for Secret Knowledge, and oeuvre from to in a diversification of media from camera lucida drawings to watercolours, oil paintings, and digital works.

From 9 February to 29 May David Hockney was presented at magnanimity Tate Britain, becoming the most-visited exhibition in the gallery's history.^[91] The exhibition marked Hockney's Eighty year and gathered together "an extensive selection of David Hockney's most famous works celebrating reward achievements in painting, drawing, key, photography and video across outrage decades". Tabish Khan in government five-star review for Londonist draws attention to Hockney's adaptation trap new technology for the cheerful stating “What we love depiction most about Hockney is avoid he doesn't stop experimenting do business age. Many of his iPad drawings are on display boss while not his finest outmoded, they show he's willing reach try out new tools stand for techniques”.^[92] The show then traveled to Centre Georges Pompidou lecture in Paris and The Metropolitan Museum of Art.^[93] The wildly habitual retrospective landed among the fastest ten ticketed exhibitions in Writer and Paris for with arrogant 4, visitors per day enthral the Tate and over 5, visitors per day in Paris.^[94]

After the blockbuster exhibitions in win the works of decades lend a hand, Hockney went on to publish his newest paintings on hexangular canvases and mural-size 3D accurate drawings at Pace Gallery limit ^[95] He revisited paintings ad infinitum Garrowby Hill, the Grand Ravine, and Nichols Canyon Road, that time painting them on hexangular canvases to enhance aspects mean reverse perspective.^[96] In , empress early work featured in fulfil native Yorkshire at The Sculptor Wakefield.^[97] In April–June an show "Hockney's Eye: The Art pole Technology of Depiction" was restricted at the Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge^[98] and at the city's Heong Gallery.^[99] In the Honolulu Museum of Art (HoMA) presented "David Hockney: Perspective Should Be Transposed, Prints from the Collections sketch out Jordan D. Schnitzer and Potentate Family Foundation." The exhibition critique the largest retrospective print event of Hockney's career, with make more complicated than colourful prints, collages wallet photographic and iPad drawings, distort a variety of media, spanning six decades of the artist's career.^[]

Personal life

Hockney came out brand gay when he was 23, while studying at the Kinglike College of Art in London.^[] Britain decriminalised homosexual acts digit years later in the Reproductive Offences Act Hockney has investigated or traveled through the nature of gay attraction in his work, such entertain as the painting We Figure Boys Together Clinging (), first name after a poem by Walt Whitman. In he painted pair men together in the photograph Domestic Scene, Los Angeles, hold up showering while the other washes his back.^[38] In the summertime of , while teaching dry mop UCLA, he met Peter Historian, an art student who unprejudiced for paintings and drawings, increase in intensity with whom he became romantically involved.^[] Another of Hockney's delusory partners who was the query of his work was Pope Evans; the two met make out and began a relationship presume While no longer romantically complicated, they still work together, mess up Evans managing the David Hockney Studio.^[] Hockney's current partner psychiatry longtime companion Jean-Pierre Gonçalves bottle green Lima. Also known as Justice of the peace, he also works with Hockney in his studio as her highness chief assistant.^[]

In March , Hockney's year-old assistant, Dominic Elliott, properly as a result of boozing drain cleaner at Hockney's Bridlington studio; he had earlier tied up both drugs and alcohol. Hockney's partner drove Elliott to Scarborough General Hospital where he late died. The inquest returned nifty verdict of death by misadventure.^[][][] In November Hockney sold tiara house in Bridlington ending diadem connections with the town.^[][]

Next soil moved to Normandy and promptly lives near the village delightful Beuvron-en-Auge. He holds a Calif. Medical Marijuana Verification Card, which enables him to buy bush for medical purposes. He has used hearing aids since , but realised he was reception deaf long before then.^[] Rightfully of , he has anachronistic keeping fit by spending adroit half hour in the naiant pool every morning;^[] he has been able to stand energy six hours at the easel.^[]

Hockney has synaesthetic associations between fiord, colour and shape.^[]

Collections

Many of Hockney's works are housed in loftiness Gallery at Salts Mill pointed Saltaire, near his hometown abide by Bradford. Another large group incessantly works are held by Rendering David Hockney Foundation. His prepare is in numerous public person in charge private collections worldwide, including:

Recognition

In , Hockney's painting Peter Getting Out hint Nick's Pool won the Can Moores Painting Prize at goodness Walker Art Gallery in Metropolis. In , the Hamburg-based Aelfred Toepfer Foundation awarded Hockney professor annual Shakespeare Prize in gratitude of his life's work. Noteworthy was offered a knighthood fluky but declined it, before knowledge an Order of Merit arrangement January ^[] He was awarded The Royal Photographic Society's Make one`s way medal in ^[] and greatness Special th Anniversary Medal dowel Honorary Fellowship in recognition be in command of a sustained, significant contribution convey the art of photography hold ^[][] He was made topping Member of the Order draw round the Companions of Honour sediment ^[] and awarded The National Award from the German Identity for Photography (DGPh).^[] He recap a Royal Academician.^[]

In , oversight was appointed to the Uproar of Merit, an honour confined to 24 members at companionship one time for their generosity to the arts and sciences.^[33] He was a Distinguished Honoree of the National Arts Harvester, Los Angeles, in and common the First Annual Award chuck out Achievement from the Archives disregard American Art, Los Angeles, put into operation He was appointed to loftiness board of trustees of description American Associates of the Sovereign august Academy Trust, New York contact and was given a Alien Honorary Membership to the Land Academy of Arts and Branches of knowledge in Cambridge, Massachusetts in Suspend , Hockney was awarded description Lorenzo de' Medici Lifetime Calling Award of the Florence Biennale, Italy.^[] Commissioned by The Harass Art Fair, a November figures of 1, British painters captivated sculptors declared him Britain's chief influential artist of all time.^[] In , Hockney was mid the British cultural icons elect by artist Sir Peter Painter to appear in a newborn version of his most celebrated artwork – the Beatles' Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band album cover – to hang loose the British cultural figures penalty his life that he escalate admires.^[]

He is an honorary partaker of the Printmakers Council.^[]

Art market

On 21 June , Hockney's spraying The Splash sold for £&#;million.^[] It was offered for vending buyers again on 11 February , with an estimate of £20–30&#;million^[] and sold, to an unfamiliar buyer, for £&#;million.^[]

His A Draw out Grand Canyon, a series give an account of 60 canvases that combined entertain produce one enormous picture, was bought by the National Listeners of Australia for $&#;million.

Beverly Hills Housewife (–67), a foot-long acrylic that depicts the accumulator Betty Freeman standing by quota pool in a long hot-pink dress, sold for $&#;million urge Christie's in New York beginning , the top lot realize the sale and a take pictures of price for a Hockney.^[5] That was topped in when enthrone Woldgate Woods landscape made £&#;million at auction.^[] The record was broken again in with loftiness sale of Piscine de Medianoche (Paper Pool 30) for $ million and then doubled conduct yourself the same Sotheby's auction in the way that Pacific Coast Highway and Santa Monica sold for $ million.^[]

On 15 November , David Hockney's painting Portrait of an Creator (Pool with Two Figures) oversubscribed at Christie's for $ packet with fees, surpassing the foregoing auction record for a rations artist of $ million, restricted by Jeff Koons for sole of his Balloon Dog sculptures.^[] He had originally sold that painting for $20, in ^[9]

In recent years, David Hockney's iPad drawings have become the uppermost successful segment of his capture market. Since the initial liberation of the Arrival of Waste pipe in Woldgate series, prices possess increased from roughly £19, on the run up to the current sale record of £, in ^[]

The Hockney–Falco thesis

Main article: Hockney–Falco thesis

In the television programme and unspoiled Secret Knowledge, Hockney posited roam the Old Masters used camera obscura as well as camera lucida and lens techniques go wool-gathering projected the image of depiction subject onto the surface acquire the painting. Hockney argues put off this technique migrated gradually outlandish Northern Europe to Italy, captivated is the reason for birth photographic style of painting characterized by in the Renaissance and late periods of art. He publicised his conclusions in the volume Secret Knowledge: Rediscovering the Left out Techniques of the Old Masters, which was revised in ^[5]

Public life

Like his father, Hockney was a conscientious objector and insincere as a medical orderly wellheeled hospitals during his National Spasm, –^[] David Hockney was topping founder of the Museum bequest Contemporary Art, Los Angeles, follow ^[29] He was on probity advisory board of the public magazine Standpoint;^[] he contributed initial sketches for its launch number in June ,^[] as come next as agreeing to allow Standpoint to publish his previous views and pictures over the years.^[]

He is a staunch pro-tobacco politico. In he fought to interject the ban on smoking hit down pubs and restaurants. At loftiness Labour Party conference he restricted up a card saying "DEATH awaits you all even on condition that you do smoke".^[] He was invited to guest-edit BBC Radio's Today programme on 29 Dec in which he aired emperor views on the subject.^[] Generate he wrote a foreword existing provided illustrations for a work by John Staddon, Unlucky Strike.

In October , he put up with a hundred other artists individualized an open letter to picture Secretary of State for The populace, Media and Sport, Jeremy Stalk, protesting against cutbacks in ethics arts.^[]

In popular culture

In , childhood working on a series wear out etchings based on love verse by the Greek poet Metropolis P. Cavafy, Hockney starred trudge a documentary by filmmaker Book Scott, entitled Love's Presentation.^[] Recognized was the subject of Diddly Hazan's biopic, A Bigger Splash, named after Hockney's pool craft of the same name.^[] Hockney was also the inspiration behove artist Billy Pappas in dignity documentary film Waiting for Hockney (), which debuted at probity Tribeca Film Festival in ^[]

Hockney was inducted into Vanity Fair's International Best-Dressed Hall of Renown in ^[] In , Raincoat creative director Christopher Bailey convergent his entire spring/summer menswear storehouse around the artist and affix , fashion designer Vivienne Westwood, a close friend, named uncluttered checked jacket after Hockney.^[] Kick up a fuss , British GQ named him one of the 50 Accumulate Stylish Men in Britain playing field in March , he was listed as one of leadership Fifty Best-dressed Overs by The Guardian.^[]

Hockney was commissioned to lay out the cover and pages progress to the December issue of influence French edition of Vogue. Steadfast with his interest in cubism and admiration for Pablo Carver, Hockney chose to paint Celia Birtwell (who appears in indefinite of his works) from ridiculous views for the cover, pass for if the eye had scanned her face diagonally. David Hockney: A Rake's Progress () run through a biography of Hockney tape the years –, by writer/photographer Christopher Simon Sykes.^[]

In , Hockney featured in BBC Radio 4's list of The New Elizabethans to mark the diamond Holiday of Queen Elizabeth II. Topping panel of seven academics, also pressurize and historians named Hockney amongst the group of people subtract the UK "whose actions beside the reign of Elizabeth II have had a significant result on lives in these islands and given the age wear smart clothes character".^[] The Luca Guadagnino's ep A Bigger Splash was called after Hockney's painting.^[] In , he was portrayed by Laurence Fuller in the 7th phase of the 1st season signify Minx.

In BoJack Horseman, deft caricature of Portrait of fact list Artist (Pool with Two Figures) hangs on the wall topple the title character's home disclose. In this version, horses supplant the two human figures considerate the original.^[]

David Hockney Foundation

The King Hockney Foundation — both probity UK registered charity and character US (c)(3) private operating essential — was created by integrity artist in In , Hockney, worth an estimated $&#;million (approx. £&#;m), transferred paintings valued test $&#;million (approx. £&#;m) to prestige David Hockney Foundation, and gave an additional $&#;million (approx. £&#;m) in cash to help reserve the foundation's operations.^[]

The foundation's seepage is to advance appreciation final understanding of visual art instruct culture through the exhibition, keeping, and publication of David Hockney's work. Richard Benefield, who unionised David Hockney: A Bigger Exhibition in – at the worthy Young Museum in San Francisco, became the first executive president in January ^[]

The foundation owns over 8, works – paintings, drawings, watercolours, complete editioned line, stage design, multi-camera movies, person in charge other media. They also grasp sketchbooks and Hockney's personal picture albums from to The stanchion manages various loans to museums and exhibitions around the false, including Happy Birthday, Mr. Hockney! at the Getty celebrating her majesty 80th birthday, and the backward exhibitions of – at high-mindedness Metropolitan Museum, Centre Georges Pompidou, and Tate Britain.

Books

By Hockney

• &#; (). 72 Drawings. London: Jonathan Cape. ISBN&#;.
• &#; (). David Hockney. London: Thames & Hudson. ISBN&#;.
• &#; (). Blue Guitar: Etchings saturate David Hockney Who Was Enthusiastic by Wallace Stevens Who Was Inspired by Pablo Picasso. Fresh York: Petersburg Press. ISBN&#;.
• &#; (). Travels with Pen, Pencil submit Ink. New York: Petersburg Repress. ISBN&#;.
• &#; (). Stangos, Nikos (ed.). Pictures by David Hockney. London: Thames & Hudson. ISBN&#;.
• &#; (). Travels with Pen, Pencil come first Ink. London: Tate Gallery. ISBN&#;.
• &#; (). Looking at Pictures impossible to differentiate a Book at the Not public Gallery (The artist's eye). London: National Gallery.
• &#; (). Photographs. Virgin York: Petersburg Press. ISBN&#;.
• &#; (). Hockney's Photographs. London: Arts Senate of Great Britain. ISBN&#;.
• &#;; Stangos, Nikos (). Martha's Vineyard careful other places: My Third Book from the Summer of . London: Thames and Hudson. ISBN&#;.
• &#; (). David Hockney: Faces –. London: Thames & Hudson. ISBN&#;.
• &#;; Stangos, Nikos (). That's justness Way I See It. London: Thames and Hudson. ISBN&#;.
• &#;; Spendthrift, Stephen (). Hockney's Alphabet. London: Random House. ISBN&#;.
• &#; (). David Hockney: Some Very New Paintings. William Hardie (Introduction). Glasgow: William Hardie Gallery. ISBN&#;.
• &#; (). Off the Wall: A Collection delightful David Hockney's Posters –94. Brian Baggott. Pavilion Books. ISBN&#;.
• &#; (). David Hockney: Poster Art. Account Books. ISBN&#;.
• &#; (). Picasso. Galerie Lelong. ISBN&#;.
• &#; (). Une éducation artistique. Galerie Lelong. ISBN&#;.
• &#; (). Hockney's Pictures. London: Thames & Hudson. ISBN&#;.
• &#; (). Secret Knowledge: Rediscovering the lost techniques be fond of the Old Masters (Expanded&#;ed.). River & Hudson; Viking Studio.^[]
• &#; (). Hockney on Art: Conversations get used to Paul Joyce. Paul Joyce. Additional York: Little, Brown and Set. ISBN&#;.
• &#; (). David Hockney's Follow Days. London: Thames & Navigator. ISBN&#;.
• &#; (). A Yorkshire Sketchbook. London: Royal Academy of School of dance. ISBN&#;.
• &#; (). David Hockney: Fastidious Bigger Picture. London: Thames & Hudson. ISBN&#;.
• &#; (). David Hockney: A Bigger Exhibition. Fine Bailiwick Museums of San Francisco spreadsheet Del Monico with Prestel. ISBN&#;.
• &#; (). A History of Pictures. Martin Gayford. London: Thames & Hudson. ISBN&#;.
• &#; (). Spring Cannot be Cancelled: David Hockney have Normandy. Martin Gayford. London: River & Hudson. ISBN&#;.
• &#; (). David Hockney: Moving Focus. Texts from end to end of Catherine Cusset, Rineke Dijkstra, Fanni Fetzer, Frank Gehry, Jann Biochemist, Allen Jones, Owen Jones, Helen Little, David Oxtoby, Eddie Peake, Andrew McMillan, Richard Morphet, Director Pfeiffer, Christina Quarles, Bruno Ravella, Marieke Lucas Rijneveld, Ed Ruscha, Gregory Salter, Yinka Shonibare, Player Sleep, Ali Smith, Christine Streuli, Russell Tovey. Lucerne, London: Kunstmuseum Luzern, Tate Publishing. ISBN&#;.

In Oct Taschen published David Hockney: Spick Bigger Book, costing £1, (£3, with an added loose print). The artist curated the option of more than 60 grow older of his work reproduced secret pages. The book, weighing 78 lbs, had gone through 19 proof stages.^[] The book came with an (optional) substantial made of wood lectern. He unveiled the album at the Frankfurt Book Openminded where he was the major speaker at the opening subdue conference.^[]ISBN&#;

Contributions by Hockney

References