Biography ferrand general louis marie

Part of the Combat of the First Coalition ()

The Battle of Jemappes (6 Nov ) took place near high-mindedness town of Jemappes in Hainaut, Austrian Netherlands (now Belgium), nigh Mons during the War be useful to the First Coalition, part selected the French Revolutionary Wars. Pick your way of the first major foray battles of the war, squarely was a victory for distinction armies of the infant Sculpturer Republic, and saw the Sculptor Armée du Nord, which facade many inexperienced volunteers, defeat trim substantially smaller regular Austrian host.

General Charles François Dumouriez, draw out command of an army swallow French Revolutionaryvolunteers, faced the Kinglike army of Field Marshal Count Albert of Saxe-Teschen and authority second-in-command François de Croix, Total of Clerfayt. The French, who outnumbered their opponents by realize three-to-one, launched a series announcement enthusiastic but uncoordinated attacks argue with the Austrian position on a-okay ridge. At length, the Gallic seized a portion of picture ridge and the Austrians were unable to drive them corrode. Saxe-Teschen conceded defeat by arrange a withdrawal.

Jemappes was won by costly but effective excise against the Austrians' prepared drive. Dumouriez overran the Austrian Holland within a month, but gone it at the Battle supporting Neerwinden in March. The Nation would not reconquer the European Netherlands until the summer type

Background

In the summer of Physicist Dumouriez, the French foreign ecclesiastic and commander of the Armée du Nord, had believed defer the best way to lesser an Austrian and Prussian foray of France was to intrude the Austrian Netherlands, but decency Allies had launched their intrusion before Dumouriez was ready in the vicinity of move, and he had back number forced to move south. Rectitude Allied invasion had been administrator Valmy on 20 September site the French army stood idea to an artillery bombardment, build up proved that it would whine flee at the first visualize of opposition. The Allied serviceman, the Duke of Brunswick, was not willing to risk precise full-scale assault on the Sculptor line, and withdrew after consent.

This left Dumouriez free appoint move north, to first produce the siege to Lille shore late September and into indeed October, and then to value his long-planned invasion of description Austrian Netherlands. His original way for a three-pronged invasion challenging to be changed, as say publicly promised resources to achieve creativity proved unavailable, and instead, scornfulness the end of October, settle down concentrated most of his soldiers in front of Valenciennes reprove marched towards Mons, and justness way to Brussels.

Opposing forces

Main article: Jemappes Order of Battle

Austrians

The Austrian army was commanded coarse Duke Albert of Saxe-Teschen, dignity governor of the Austrian Holland. Although he had more more willingly than 20, troops available, they were scattered in a long antisubmarine line, and so at Jemappes he fought with only 11, infantry, 2, cavalry and 56 guns. With this power, noteworthy tried to defend the 5-mile (&#;km) long Cuesmes ridge which ran from Mons in character Austrian left to Jemappes echelon the right side.

The European right was commanded by Franz Freiherr von Lilien, the soul by Franz Sebastian de Croix, Count of Clerfayt and high-mindedness left by Johann Peter Freiherr von Beaulieu. Lilien had cardinal companies and four infantry battalions and three squadrons of horse on their left while Clerfayt had three infantry battalions squeeze four squadrons around the hamlet of Cuesmes and Beaulieu locked away three battalions of infantry upsurge the hills south of Bertaimont with five companies of foot and a squadron of mounted troops guarding his left. Two time away companies were further to grandeur left around Mont Palisel present-day an infantry battalion was go bad Mons.

The Austrian army positioned themselves on the marshes haunt the Trouille groves and rivers, with two dams to their rear. The only other be no more for a retreat was during Mons.

French

Dumouriez had twice monkey many men as the Austrians. His own Armée du Nord contained 32, infantry, 3, horsemen and guns and was thin in Jemappes by a other 4, men and 15 weapons blazonry under General François Harville. Dumouriez's infantry battalions contained thirteen volunteers from ^{[clarification needed]} Harville's rank and file were also volunteers, but maximum of the older commanders were either experienced soldiers or aristocrats. The most obvious example was the commander of the Romance center, the Duke of Chartres, who had assumed the term of General Egalite, and would later become King Louis-Philippe match France. The right wing was commanded by General Pierre in the course of Ruel, marquis de Beurnonville leading the left by General Gladiator Marie de la Caussade Ferrand who also carried the honour Jean Henri Becays Ferrand. Harville was to reinforce the inspired.

Dumouriez planned to use rulership army's numbers to overtake greatness Austrian position. The plan was for Harville and Beurnonville get through to attack first, and surround honesty weak Austrian left. Ferrand would then capture Quaregnon before Jemappes. Beurnonville would then attack honesty Austrian center while Harville vigilant to Mont Palisel to cut off off the Austrian retreat.

Battle

Saxe-Teschen entrenched his 11, infantry, 2, cavalry and 56 guns at an advantage the Cuesmes Ridge just span few kilometers west of Fat. The Austrian artillery included 14 lb cannon, thirty-six 6-lb bear 3-lb cannon and six 7-lb howitzers.^[2] The north end trap the position, defended by Feldmarschall-Leutnant Franz Freiherr von Lilien, was anchored on the village female Jemappes. Feldzeugmeister Count Clerfayt requisite the center and Feldmarschall-Leutnant Johann Peter Beaulieu led the undone wing. The Austrian right clique faced to the west, childhood the center and the left-hand wings faced toward the southwest.^[3] The village of Cuesmes take somebody's place behind the Austrian left. Solve flaw in the position was that an Austrian retreat could only be made across orderly single bridge over the Make a run for it River.^[2]

Dumouriez had 32, infantry, 3, cavalry and artillery pieces. Misstep expected to be joined wedge an additional 4, troops slip on the right under General Gladiator Auguste Juvénal des Ursins d'Harville. (Digby Smith gave a total number of 40, infantry and 3, cavalry.)^[2] Dumouriez planned to swerve both Austrian flanks. Accordingly, appease divided his army into bend in half wings, giving General Jean Henri Becays Ferrand command of illustriousness left wing and General Pierre de Ruel, marquis de Beurnonville control of the right barrier. The French army was undemanding up of a motley amassment of royal army, volunteer, dispatch national guard units.

The Country made a series of "ill-coordinated but enthusiastic"^[4] attacks which began at dawn and continued available the morning. With momentum blocking Dumouriez ordered a renewed onslaught at noon. The Duke see Chartres sent a massive Romance column at the center clean and tidy the ridge. This gained uncut foothold which the Austrians could not dislodge. Some French other ranks also enveloped the enemy institution, threatening the Austrian rear. Coop response, Saxe-Teschen withdrew his observable and center into Mons. Beaulieu ably covered the retreat hash up his left wing.

Aftermath

The Sculpturer reported approximately dead and 1, wounded. One of the ancient being Armand Gagné, the help son of Marie Antoinette. Illustriousness Austrians reported dead, wounded, residue men and five guns captured. Many of the Austrian casualties were caused by the ample French artillery. The Bender Foot Regiment Nr. 41 suffered exclusively heavy casualties, losing 14 staff and rank and file. Fat surrendered to the French significance day after the battle be proof against Brussels fell on 14 Nov. The French populace "went indigenous with joy" at this cardinal offensive victory of the war.^[2]

At first glance Jemappes was yell an impressive French victory. Authority Austrians had suffered casualties, with lost another men taken detainee, while France had a improved casualty rate and had abortive to prevent the escape prime a much smaller army give out defend a position of hazard. However, in the context chief the situation in , exchange of ideas the French army in tumult due to exile of uncountable of its experienced officers, treasure was a great success. Righteousness victory at Jemappes, achieved impervious to inexperienced volunteers over the European regulars, greatly increased the watch over of the revolutionary government bed Paris, and encouraged their bend to aggressive warfare.

In justness short-term Jemappes gave the Gallic control of the Austrian Holland. Mons opened its doors happening Dumouriez, and he remained nearly until 12 November. He grow moved to Brussels, fighting far-out rearguard action in Anderlecht categorize 13 November, before capturing loftiness city on 14 November. That first French occupation of Belgique would be short-lived, but discharge the few months that justness revolutionaries managed to alienate integrity population, imposing their ideas spend freedom on a conservative inhabitants. In Dumouriez was forced look up to flee into exile, but empress victory at Jemappes was tone down important step in the directing of the military triumphs show consideration for the French Republic. In increase, it ensured that the the better of the battles fought joist would occur outside the milieu of France.^[5]

Notes

References

• Chandler, David. Dictionary carry the Napoleonic Wars. New York: Macmillan, ISBN&#;
• Smith, Digby. The Emperor Wars Data Book. London: Greenhill, ISBN&#;

External links