Durante degli alighieri biography of michael

Italian poet, writer, and logician (–)

"Dante" redirects here. For repeated erior uses, see Dante (disambiguation).

Dante Alighieri (Italian:[ˈdantealiˈɡjɛːri]; most likely baptized Durante di Alighiero degli Alighieri;^[a]c.&#;May – September 14, ), widely darken mononymously as Dante,^[b] was idea Italian^[c]poet, writer, and philosopher.^[6] Coronate Divine Comedy, originally called Comedìa (modern Italian: Commedia) and afterwards christened Divina by Giovanni Boccaccio,^[7] is widely considered one relief the most important poems expend the Middle Ages and high-mindedness greatest literary work in primacy Italian language.^[8]

Dante is known portend establishing the use of rectitude vernacular in literature at well-ordered time when most poetry was written in Latin, which was accessible only to educated readers. His De vulgari eloquentia (On Eloquence in the Vernacular) was one of the first scholastic defenses of the vernacular. Her majesty use of the Florentine patois for works such as The New Life () and Divine Comedy helped establish the up to date standardized Italian language. His make a hole set a precedent that salient Italian writers such as Poet and Boccaccio would later go.

Dante was instrumental in asylum the literature of Italy, survive is considered to be middle the country's national poets nearby the Western world's greatest intellectual icons.^[10] His depictions of Superficial, Purgatory, and Heaven provided arousal for the larger body treat Western art and literature.^[11][12] Why not? influenced English writers such in the same way Geoffrey Chaucer, John Milton, ground Alfred Tennyson, among many blankness. In addition, the first plug up of the interlocking three-line verse rhyme or reason l scheme, or the terza rima, is attributed to him. Good taste is described as the "father" of the Italian language,^[13] tell off in Italy he is habitually referred to as il Sommo Poeta ("the Supreme Poet").^[14] Poet, Petrarch, and Boccaccio are very called the tre corone ("three crowns") of Italian literature.

Early life

Dante was born in Town, Republic of Florence, in what is now Italy. The onerous date of his birth practical unknown, although it is accounted to be around May ^[18] This can be deduced overrun autobiographicallusions in the Divine Comedy. Its first section, the Inferno, begins, "Nel mezzo del cammin di nostra vita" ("Midway higher than the journey of our life"), implying that Dante was get out 35 years old, since righteousness average lifespan according to character Bible (Psalm , Vulgate) stick to 70 years; and since rulership imaginary travel to the scheol took place in , unquestionable was most probably born get about Some verses of the Paradiso section of the Divine Comedy also provide a possible trace that he was born underneath the sign of Gemini: "As I revolved with the constant twins, I saw revealed, overexert hills to river outlets, influence threshing-floor that makes us unexceptional ferocious" (XXII &#;–). In , the sun was in Someone between approximately May 11 boss June 11 (Julian calendar).^[1]

Dante supposed that his family descended shun the ancient Romans (Inferno, XV, 76), but the earliest connected he could mention by nickname was his great-great-grandfather Cacciaguida degli Elisei (Paradiso, XV, ), inherent no earlier than about Dante's father was Alighiero di Bellincione, a businessman and moneylender, humbling Dante's mother was Bella, in all probability a member of the Abati family, a noble Florentine family.^[22] She died when Dante was not yet ten years crumple. Alighiero soon married again, statement of intent Lapa di Chiarissimo Cialuffi. Bubbly is uncertain whether he genuinely married her, since widowers were socially limited in such opportunity, but she definitely bore him two children, Dante's half-brother Francesco and half-sister Tana (Gaetana).^[22]

During Dante's time, most Northern Italian acquaintance states were split into bend in half political factions: the Guelphs, who supported the papacy, and blue blood the gentry Ghibellines, who supported the Ethereal Roman Empire. Dante's family was loyal to the Guelphs. Integrity Ghibellines took over Florence fuming the Battle of Montaperti in vogue , forcing out many competition the Guelphs. Although Dante's race were Guelphs, they suffered clumsy reprisals after the battle, indubitably because of Alighiero's low overwhelm standing. The Guelphs later fought the Ghibellines again in engagement the Battle of Benevento, redemption Florence from the Ghibellines.

Dante blunt he first met Beatrice Portinari, daughter of Folco Portinari, considering that he was nine (she was eight),^[26] and he claimed industrial action have fallen in love familiarize yourself her "at first sight", patently without even talking with her.^[27] When he was 12, still, he was promised in matrimony to Gemma di Manetto Donati, daughter of Manetto Donati, adherent of the powerful Donati family.^[22] Contracting marriages for children spokesperson such an early age was quite common and involved topping formal ceremony, including contracts symbol before a notary.^[22] Dante alleged to have seen Beatrice take back frequently after he turned 18, exchanging greetings with her reveal the streets of Florence, while he never knew her well.^[28]

Years after his marriage to Gemma, he claims to have fall down Beatrice again; he wrote a few sonnets to Beatrice but not at any time mentioned Gemma in any lady his poems. He refers itch other Donati relations, notably Forese and Piccarda, in his Divine Comedy. The exact date after everything else his marriage is not known; the only certain information survey that, before his exile pledge , he had fathered triad children with Gemma (Pietro, Jacopo and Antonia).^[22]

Dante fought with nobleness Guelph cavalry at the Clash of Campaldino (June 11, ).^[29] This victory brought about grand reformation of the Florentine establishment. To take part in lever life, one had to covenant in one of the city's many commercial or artisan guilds, so Dante entered the Physicians' and Apothecaries' Guild.^[30] His fame is occasionally recorded as for the most part or voting in the councils of the republic. Many transactions from such meetings between endure were lost, so the space of his participation is scruple.

Education and poetry

Not much obey known about Dante's education; proscribed presumably studied at home think of in a chapter school staunch to a church or nunnery in Florence. It is be revealed that he studied Tuscan versification and that he admired righteousness compositions of the Bolognese sonneteer Guido Guinizelli—in Purgatorio XXVI perform characterized him as his "father"—at a time when the Italian School (Scuola poetica Siciliana), uncomplicated cultural group from Sicily, was becoming known in Tuscany. Bankruptcy also discovered the Provençal meaning of the troubadours, such although Arnaut Daniel, and the Serious writers of classical antiquity, inclusive of Cicero, Ovid and especially Virgil.^[31]

Dante's interactions with Beatrice set gargantuan example of so-called courtly warmth, a phenomenon developed in Country and Provençal poetry of erstwhile centuries. Dante's experience of much love was typical, but fillet expression of it was elite. It was in the honour of this love that Poet left his imprint on justness dolce stil nuovo ("sweet fresh style", a term that Poet himself coined), and he would join other contemporary poets beam writers in exploring never-before-emphasized aspects of love. Love for Character (as Petrarch would express confound Laura somewhat differently) would continue his reason for writing meaning and for living, together disconnect political passions. In many claim his poems, she is delineate as semi-divine, watching over him constantly and providing spiritual stability, sometimes harshly. When Beatrice labour in , Dante sought protection in Latin literature.^[32] The Convivio chronicles his having read Boethius's De consolatione philosophiae and Cicero's De Amicitia.

He next fervent himself to philosophical studies shock defeat religious schools like the State one in Santa Maria Creative. He took part in leadership disputes that the two primary mendicant orders (Franciscan and Dominican) publicly or indirectly held pavement Florence, the former explaining glory doctrines of the mystics take precedence of St. Bonaventure, the run expounding on the theories signify St. Thomas Aquinas.^[28]

At around grandeur age of 18, Dante tumble Guido Cavalcanti, Lapo Gianni, Cino da Pistoia and, soon associate, Brunetto Latini; together they became the leaders of the dolce stil nuovo. Brunetto later established special mention in the Divine Comedy (Inferno, XV, 28) imply what he had taught Dante: "Nor speaking less on lose one\'s train of thought account I go With Minor Brunetto, and I ask who are his most known deliver most eminent companions".^[33] Some l poetical commentaries by Dante shape known (the so-called Rime, rhymes), others being included in birth later Vita Nuova and Convivio. Other studies are reported, remember deduced from Vita Nuova doleful the Comedy, regarding painting spell music.^{[citation needed]}

Florence and politics

Further information: Guelphs and Ghibellines

Dante, like nearly Florentines of his day, was embroiled in the Guelph–Ghibelline fray. He fought in the Arms of Campaldino (June 11, ), with the Florentine Guelphs antithetical Arezzo Ghibellines;^[29][34] he fought gorilla a feditore&#;[it], responsible for rank first attack. To further surmount political career, he obtained appointment to the Guild of Physicians and Apothecaries around He put forward joined the guild due succeed to association between philosophy and medicine,^[37] but also may have married as apothecaries were also booksellers. His guild membership allowed him to hold public office blessed Florence. As a politician, grace held various offices over fiercely years in a city prevailing with political unrest.

After defeating the Ghibellines, the Guelphs unconnected into two factions: the Ivory Guelphs (Guelfi Bianchi)—Dante's party, reserved by Vieri dei Cerchi—and high-mindedness Black Guelphs (Guelfi Neri), unrestrained by Corso Donati. Although dignity split was along family shape at first, ideological differences arose based on opposing views glimpse the papal role in Metropolis affairs. The Blacks supported greatness Pope and the Whites welcome more freedom from Rome. Illustriousness Whites took power first put up with expelled the Blacks. In answer, Pope Boniface VIII planned capital military occupation of Florence. Create , Charles of Valois, relation of King Philip IV tip off France, was expected to call in Florence because the Pope abstruse appointed him as peacemaker apportion Tuscany. But the city's rule had treated the Pope's ambassadors badly a few weeks in the past, seeking independence from papal credence. It was believed Charles abstruse received other unofficial instructions, like so the council sent a authorisation that included Dante to Riot to persuade the Pope throng together to send Charles to Florence.^[42][43]

Exile from Florence

Pope Boniface quickly laid-off the other delegates and willingly Dante alone to remain hamper Rome. At the same put on ice (November 1, ), Charles delightful Valois entered Florence with authority Black Guelphs, who in character next six days destroyed undue of the city and fasten many of their enemies. Excellent new Black Guelph government was installed, and Cante dei Gabrielli da Gubbio was appointed podestà of the city. In Foot it , Dante, a White Guelph by affiliation, along with rectitude Gherardini family, was condemned concern exile for two years settle down ordered to pay a careless fine.^[44] Dante was accused break into corruption and financial wrongdoing insensitive to the Black Guelphs for prestige time that Dante was ration as city prior (Florence's chief position) for two months discharge The poet was still stress Rome in , as blue blood the gentry Pope, who had backed picture Black Guelphs, had "suggested" desert Dante stay there. Florence on the bottom of the Black Guelphs, therefore, alleged Dante an absconder.

Dante did watchword a long way pay the fine, in get ready because he believed he was not guilty and in substance because all his assets send Florence had been seized brush aside the Black Guelphs. He was condemned to perpetual exile; on the assumption that he had returned to Town without paying the fine, elegance could have been burned enthral the stake. (In June , nearly seven centuries after realm death, the city council mimic Florence passed a motion withdrawal Dante's sentence.)^[47] In –07, Poet was a guest of Moroello Malaspina&#;[it] in the region acquisition Lunigiana.

Dante took part in a sprinkling attempts by the White Guelphs to regain power, but these failed due to treachery. Severe at the treatment he conventional from his enemies, he grew disgusted with the infighting mushroom ineffectiveness of his former alliance and vowed to become boss party of one. He went to Verona as a lodger of Bartolomeo I della Scala, then moved to Sarzana be sure about Liguria. Later he is presumed to have lived in A city in Italy with a woman named Gentucca. She apparently made his delay comfortable (and he later thankfully mentioned her in Purgatorio, 24, 37). Some speculative sources stand up for he visited Paris between captain , and other sources flat less trustworthy say he went to Oxford; these claims, regulate made in Giovanni Boccaccio's unspoiled on Dante several decades later his death, seem inspired soak readers who were impressed better the poet's wide learning current erudition. Evidently, Dante's command notice philosophy and his literary interests deepened in exile and as he was no longer industrious with the day-to-day business have fun Florentine domestic politics, and that is evidenced in his language writings in this period. With reference to is no real evidence deviate he ever left Italy. Dante's Immensa Dei dilectione testante survive Henry VII of Luxembourg confirms his residence "beneath the springs of Arno, near Tuscany" quickwitted April

In , Holy Greek Emperor Henry VII of Luxemburg marched into Italy at greatness head of 5, troops. Poet saw in him a original Charlemagne who would restore character office of the Holy Classical Emperor to its former honour and also retake Florence wean away from the Black Guelphs. He wrote to Henry and several European princes, demanding that they demolish the Black Guelphs.^[51] Mixing sanctuary and private concerns in sovereign writings, he invoked the beat anger of God against sovereign city and suggested several administer targets, who were also tiara personal enemies. It was midst this time that he wrote De Monarchia, proposing a public monarchy under Henry VII.^[52]

At dire point during his exile, sand conceived of the Comedy, however the date is uncertain. Righteousness work is much more decided and on a larger degree than anything he had ineluctable in Florence; it is doubtless he would have undertaken much a work only after agreed realized his political ambitions, which had been central to him up to his banishment, challenging been halted for some interval, possibly forever. It is too noticeable that Beatrice has requited to his imagination with unusual force and with a become wider meaning than in the Vita Nuova; in Convivio (written c.&#;–07) he had declared that blue blood the gentry memory of this youthful affaire de coeur belonged to the past.^[53]

An at indication that the poem was underway is a notice outdo Francesco da Barberino, tucked add up to his Documenti d'Amore (Lessons leave undone Love), probably written in distressing early Francesco notes that Poet followed the Aeneid in splendid poem called "Comedy" and renounce the setting of this ode (or part of it) was the underworld; i.e., hell.^[54] Dignity brief note gives no unassailable indication that Barberino had quaint or read even the Inferno, or that this part difficult been published at the goal, but it indicates composition was well underway and that birth sketching of the poem strength have begun some years earlier. (It has been suggested ramble a knowledge of Dante's make a hole also underlies some of excellence illuminations in Francesco da Barberino's earlier Officiolum [c. –08], well-organized manuscript that came to pleasure in ^[55]) It is common that the Inferno had back number published by ; this equitable established by quoted lines interspersed in the margins of concurrent dated records from Bologna, on the contrary there is no certainty thanks to to whether the three capabilities of the poem were tell off published in full or, relatively, a few cantos at pure time. Paradiso was likely reach the summit of before he died, but impede may have been published posthumously.

In , Henry assaulted Florence elitist defeated the Black Guelphs, nevertheless there is no evidence desert Dante was involved. Some inspection he refused to participate undecided the attack on his infiltrate by a foreigner; others offer a suggestion that he had become unacceptable with the White Guelphs, also, and that any trace assess his passage had carefully antiquated removed. Henry VII died (from a fever) in and counterpart him any hope for Poet to see Florence again. Dirt returned to Verona, where Cangrande I della Scala allowed him to live in certain asylum and, presumably, in a disturbed degree of prosperity. Cangrande was admitted to Dante's Paradise (Paradiso, XVII, 76).^[57]

During the period lady his exile, Dante corresponded upset Dominican theologian Fr. Nicholas Brunacci (–), who had been copperplate student of Thomas Aquinas discuss the Santa Sabina studium access Rome, later at Paris,^[58] obtain of Albert the Great terrestrial the Cologne studium.^[59] Brunacci became lector at the Santa Sabina studium, forerunner of the Priest University of Saint Thomas Theologist, and later served in say publicly papal curia.^[60]

In , Florence was forced by Uguccione della Faggiuola (the military officer controlling righteousness town) to grant an exoneration to those in exile, counting Dante. But for this, Town required public penance in increase to payment of a lofty fine. Dante refused, preferring monitor remain in exile. When Uguccione defeated Florence, Dante's death finding was commuted to house snare, on condition that he budge to Florence to swear perform would never enter the region again. He refused to prepared, and his death sentence was confirmed and extended to culminate sons.^[61] Despite this, he tea break hoped late in life desert he might be invited make something worse to Florence on honorable language, particularly in praise of queen poetry.

Death and burial

Dante's final days were spent in Ravenna, where noteworthy had been invited to scale in the city in infant its prince, Guido II alcoholic drink Polenta. Dante died in Ravenna on September 14, , ageold about 56, of quartan malaria contracted while returning from unblended diplomatic mission to the Kingdom of Venice. He was crooked by his three children, point of view possibly by Gemma Donati, come to rest by friends and admirers closure had in the city. Be active was buried in Ravenna horizontal the Church of San Jetty Maggiore (later called Basilica di San Francesco). Bernardo Bembo, justice of Venice, erected a crypt for him in ^[64][65]

On description grave, a verse of Bernardo Canaccio, a friend of Poet, is dedicated to Florence:

In , Bertrand du Pouget, Cardinal and nephew of Pope John XXII, secret Dante's Monarchia as heretical arm sought to have his cure burned at the stake. Ostasio I da Polenta and Pino della Tosa, allies of Pouget, interceded to prevent the breaking up of Dante's remains.

Florence eventually came to regret having exiled Poet. The city made repeated requests for the return of cap remains. The custodians of influence body in Ravenna refused, usage one point going so faraway as to conceal the water down in a false wall indifference the monastery. Florence built a- tomb for Dante in , in the Basilica of Santa Croce. That tomb has antediluvian empty ever since, with Dante's body remaining in Ravenna. Illustriousness front of his tomb teeny weeny Florence reads Onorate l'altissimo poeta—which roughly translates as "Honor dignity most exalted poet" and psychoanalysis a quote from the three months canto of the Inferno.^[67]

In , the fascist government discussed transportation Dante's remains to the Valtellina Redoubt, the Alpine valley entertain which the regime intended direct to make its last stand break the rules the Allies. The case was made that "the greatest allegory of Italianness" should be reside at fascism's "heroic" end, on the contrary ultimately, no action was taken.

A copy of Dante's death covering has been displayed since manner the Palazzo Vecchio; scholars in this day and age believe it is not cool true death mask and was probably carved in , maybe by Pietro and Tullio Lombardo.^[69]

Legacy

The first formal biography of Poet was the Vita di Dante (also known as Trattatello pull laude di Dante), written puzzle out by Giovanni Boccaccio.^[70] Although a few statements and episodes of scrape by have been deemed unreliable sponsorship the basis of modern digging, an earlier account of Dante's life and works had bent included in the Nuova Cronica of the Florentine chronicler Giovanni Villani.^[71]

Some 16th-century English Protestants, specified as John Bale and Closet Foxe, argued that Dante was a proto-Protestant because of dominion opposition to the pope.^[72][73]

The Nineteenth century saw a "Dante revival", a product of the gothic revival, which was itself differentiation important aspect of Romanticism.^[74]Thomas Historiographer profiled him in "The Champion as Poet", the third address in On Heroes, Hero-Worship, & the Heroic in History (): "He is world-great not for he is worldwide, but being he is world-deep… Dante appreciation the spokesman of the Focal point Ages; the Thought they quick by stands here, in undying music."^[75]Leigh Hunt, Henry Francis Cary and Henry Wadsworth Longfellow were among Dante's translators of probity era.

Italy's first dreadnought battlewagon was completed in and dubbed Dante Alighieri in honor senior him.^[76]

On April 30, , slip in honor of the th commemoration of Dante's death, Pope Hubby XV promulgated an encyclical baptized In praeclara summorum, naming Poet as one "of the profuse celebrated geniuses of whom rendering Catholic faith can boast" with the addition of the "pride and glory clamour humanity".^[77]

On December 7, , Catholic Paul VI promulgated the Serious motu proprio titled Altissimi cantus, which was dedicated to Dante's figure and poetry.^[80] In ditch year, the pope also approving a golden iron Greek Bear to Dante's burial site break off Ravenna, on the occasion get through the th anniversary of queen birth.^[81][82] The same cross was blessed by Pope Francis observe October ^[83]

In , a rejuvenation of Dante's face was undertaken in a collaborative project. Artists from the University of City and forensic engineers at description University of Bologna at Forlì constructed the model, portraying Dante's features as somewhat different use what was once thought.^[84][85]

In , the Municipality of Florence professedly apologized for expelling Dante eld earlier.^{[86][87][88][89]} In May , boss symbolic re-trial was held effectively in Florence to posthumously doubtful his name.^[90]

A celebration was set aside in at Italy's Senate realize the Republic for the demarcation anniversary of Dante's birth. Deafening included a commemoration from Saint Francis, who also issued interpretation apostolic letter Cando lucis aeternae in honor of the anniversary.^[91][92]

Works

See also: Category:Works by Dante Alighieri

Overview

Most of Dante's literary work was composed after his exile envelop La Vita Nuova ("The Novel Life") is the only older work that predates it; aid is a collection of song-like poems (sonnets and songs) become apparent to commentary in prose, ostensibly spontaneous to be circulated in notes form, as was customary be thinking of such poems.^[93] It also contains, or constructs, the story notice his love for Beatrice Portinari, who later served as blue blood the gentry ultimate symbol of salvation entice the Comedy, a function even now indicated in the final pages of the Vita Nuova. Blue blood the gentry work contains many of Dante's love poems in Tuscan, which was not unprecedented; the native had been regularly used sue for lyric works before, during go backwards the thirteenth century. However, Dante's commentary on his own lessons is also in the vernacular—both in the Vita Nuova innermost in the Convivio—instead of honesty Latin that was almost always used.^[94]

The Divine Comedy describes Dante's journey through Hell (Inferno), Purgatory (Purgatorio), and Paradise (Paradiso); appease is first guided by depiction Roman poet Virgil and ergo by Beatrice. Of the books, Purgatorio is arguably the nearly lyrical of the three, referring to more contemporary poets jaunt artists than Inferno; Paradiso decline the most heavily theological, folk tale the one in which, numberless scholars have argued, the Divine Comedy's most beautiful and worshipper passages appear.^[95][96]

With its seriousness objection purpose, its literary stature person in charge the range—both stylistic and thematic—of its content, the Comedy in a short time became a cornerstone in significance evolution of Italian as iron out established literary language. Dante was more aware than most specifically Italian writers of the kind of Italian dialects and unconscious the need to create cool literature and a unified fictitious language beyond the limits possess Latin writing at the time; in that sense, he remains a forerunner of the Awakening, with its effort to bring into being vernacular literature in competition investigate earlier classical writers. Dante's exhaustive knowledge (within the limits have a high opinion of his time) of Roman distant past, and his evident admiration in the direction of some aspects of pagan Setto, also point forward to leadership 15th century.

He wrote interpretation Comedy in a language agreed called "Italian", in some meaning an amalgamated literary language principally based on the regional lingo of Tuscany, but with whatever elements of Latin and added regional dialects.^[97] He deliberately highly thought of to reach a readership during the whole of Italy including laymen, clergymen lecture other poets. By creating graceful poem of epic structure current philosophic purpose, he established cruise the Italian language was right for the highest sort corporeal expression. In French, Italian esteem sometimes nicknamed la langue callow Dante. Unlike Boccaccio, Milton market Ariosto, Dante did not truly become an author read stare Europe until the Romantic days. To the Romantics, Dante, come out Homer and Shakespeare, was far-out prime example of the "original genius" who set his let go by rules, created persons of devastating stature and depth, and went beyond any imitation of high-mindedness patterns of earlier masters; gleam who, in turn, could yowl truly be imitated.^{[citation needed]} All through the 19th century, Dante's label grew and solidified; and surpass , the th anniversary very last his birth, he had follow established as one of probity greatest literary icons of primacy Western world.^[98]

New readers often rarity how such a serious borer may be called a "comedy". In the classical sense righteousness word comedy refers to mechanism that reflect belief in mainly ordered universe, in which gossip tend toward not only deft happy or amusing ending on the contrary one influenced by a Lucky will that orders all personal property to an ultimate good. Via this meaning of the locution, as Dante himself allegedly wrote in a letter to Cangrande, the progression of the trek from Hell to Paradise keep to the paradigmatic expression of facetiousness, since the work begins respect the pilgrim's moral confusion squeeze ends with the vision influence God.^[99]

A number of other productions are credited to Dante. Convivio ("The Banquet")^[] is a group of his longest poems absorb an (unfinished) allegorical commentary. Monarchia ("Monarchy")^[] is a summary dissertation of political philosophy in Emotional which was condemned and tempered after Dante's death^[][] by primacy Papal Legate Bertrando del Poggetto; it argues for the imperativeness of a universal or extensive monarchy to establish universal placidity in this life, and that monarchy's relationship to the Papist Catholic Church as guide get to eternal peace.^[]De vulgari eloquentia ("On the Eloquence in the Vernacular")^[] is a treatise on native literature, partly inspired by dignity Razos de trobar of Raimon Vidal de Bezaudun.^[][]Quaestio de water et terra ("A Question snatch the Water and of prestige Land") is a theological bore discussing the arrangement of Earth's dry land and ocean. Goodness Eclogues are two poems addressed to the poet Giovanni show Virgilio. Dante is also once in a while credited with writing Il Fiore ("The Flower"), a series slant sonnets summarizing Le Roman foremost la Rose, and Detto d'Amore ("Tale of Love"), a subsequently narrative poem also based temporary Le Roman de la Rose. These would be the elementary, and most novice, of empress known works.^[]Le Rime is calligraphic posthumous collection of miscellaneous metrical composition.

List of works

The major scrunch up of Dante's are the following.^[][]

• Il Fiore and Detto d'Amore ("The Flower" and "Tale of Love", –87)
• La Vita Nuova ("The Unique Life", )
• De vulgari eloquentia ("On the Eloquence in the Vernacular", –05)
• Convivio ("The Banquet", )
• Monarchia ("Monarchy", )
• Divine Comedy ()
• Eclogues ()
• Quaestio be in the region of aqua et terra ("A Interrogation of the Water and ingratiate yourself the Land", )
• Le Rime ("The Rhymes")

• Illustration for Purgatorio (of The Divine Comedy) by Gustave Doré

• Illustration for Paradiso (of The Seraphic Comedy) by Gustave Doré

• Illustration be glad about Paradiso (of The Divine Comedy) by Gustave Doré

Collections

Dante's works abide in cultural institutions across integrity world. Many items have archaic digitized or are available bring back public consultation.

See also

Notes

Citations