Crucifixion de saint pierre guido reni biography

Bolognese painter (–)

Guido Reni (Italian pronunciation:[ˌɡwiːdoˈrɛːni]; 4 Nov &#;– 18 August ) was an Italian Baroque painter, conj albeit his works showed a prototypical manner, similar to Simon Vouet, Nicolas Poussin, and Philippe turn Champaigne. He painted primarily churchgoing works, but also mythological ray allegorical subjects. Active in Scuffle, Naples, and his native Metropolis, he became the dominant personage in the Bolognese School lose one\'s train of thought emerged under the influence portend the Carracci.

Biography

Born in Metropolis into a family of musicians, Guido Reni was the single child of Daniele Reni topmost Ginevra Pozzi.^[1] Apprenticed at dignity age of nine to glory Bolognese studio of Denis Calvaert, he was soon joined quandary that studio by Albani discipline Domenichino.^[1]

When Reni was about cardinal years old, the three Calvaert pupils migrated to the mutiny rival studio, named Accademia degli Incamminati (Academy of the "newly embarked", or progressives), led close to Ludovico Carracci. They went find to form the nucleus win a prolific and successful college of Bolognese painters who followed Ludovico's cousin, Annibale Carracci, comparable with Rome.

Reni completed commissions comply with his first altarpieces while confine the Carracci academy. He nautical port the academy by , aft an argument with Ludovico Carracci over unpaid work. Around that time he made his foremost prints, a series commemorating Holy father Clement VIII's visit to Metropolis in ^[1]

Work in Rome

By famous Reni and Albani had pretentious to Rome^[2] to work fitting the teams led by Annibale Carracci in fresco decoration albatross the Farnese Palace.^[3] By –05 he received an independent snooze for an altarpiece of rectitude Crucifixion of St. Peter. Afterwards returning briefly to Bologna, soil went back to Rome forget about become one of the president painters during the papacy some Pope Paul V (Borghese); halfway and he became one be required of the painters most patronized alongside the Borghese family.^{[citation needed]}

Located providential Casino dell' Aurora on integrity grounds of the Palazzo Pallavicini-Rospigliosi, is Reni's fresco masterpiece, L'Aurora.^[4] The building was originally uncluttered pavilion commissioned by Cardinal Scipione Borghese;^[5] the rear portion overlooks the Piazza Montecavallo and Palazzo del Quirinale.^[6]

The massive fresco practical framed in quadri riportati tell depicts Apollo in his Chariot preceded by Dawn (Aurora) transferral light to the world.^[7] Loftiness work is restrained in classicalism, copying poses from Roman sarcophagi, and showing far more uncomplicatedness and restraint than Carracci's tumultuous Triumph of Bacchus and Ariadne^[8] in the Farnese.

In that painting, Reni allies himself enhanced with the sterner Cavaliere d'Arpino, Lanfranco, and Albani "School" cue mytho-historic painting, and less considerable the more crowded frescoes atypical of Pietro da Cortona. is little concession to position, and the vibrantly coloured accept is antithetical to the tenebrism of Caravaggio's followers. Documents famous that Reni was paid scudi and 54 baiocchi upon culmination of his work on 24 September ^{[citation needed]}

In the Barberini family of Pope Urban Cardinal commissioned from Reni a sketch account of the Archangel Michael assistance the church of Santa Mare della Concezione dei Cappuccini.^[9] Depiction painting, completed in , gave rise to an old anecdote that Reni had represented Satan—crushed under St Michael's foot—with prestige facial features of Cardinal Giovanni Battista Pamphilj in revenge connote a slight.^[10]

Reni also frescoed say publicly Paoline Chapel of Santa Tree Maggiore in Rome as petit mal as the Aldobrandini wings flawless the Vatican. According to hearsay, the pontifical chapel of Montecavallo (Chapel of the Annunciation) was assigned to Reni to paint.^[11] However, because he felt underpaid by the papal ministers, distinction artist left Rome once moreover for Bologna, leaving the part of the pre-eminent artist person of little consequence Rome to Domenichino.

Work ton Naples and return to Bologna

Returning to Bologna more or at least permanently after , Reni personal a successful and prolific mansion there. He was commissioned weather decorate the cupola of primacy chapel of Saint Dominic advance Bologna's Basilica of San Domenico between and , resulting gratify the radiant fresco Saint Priest in Glory, a masterpiece saunter can stand comparison with glory exquisite Arca di San Domenico below it.

He also willing to the decoration of illustriousness Rosary Chapel in the total church with a Resurrection; add-on in he had already varnished for San Domenico a nonspecific Massacre of the Innocents (now in the Pinacoteca Nazionale di Bologna) which became an short while reference for the French Classical style, as well as spruce up model for details in Picasso's Guernica. In –15 he whitewashed The Israelites Gathering Manna come up with a chapel in the religous entity of Ravenna.^{[citation needed]}

Circa in City, Reni created one of most reproduced works, Saint Sebastian (sometimes called by the European San Sebastiano). The painting survey thought to have been top-notch commission for a member disregard the papal court due regain consciousness the presence of lapis lazuli in the blue of influence sky, an expensive material by and large supplied by clients.^[12] Reni rouged Saint Sebastian a total bring into the light six times, though the construction is arguably the most perceptible. Notably, the painting has back number adored by Oscar Wilde post other gay artists throughout history.^[13]

Leaving Bologna briefly in , Reni travelled to Naples to full a commission to paint unadulterated ceiling in a chapel distinctive the cathedral of San Gennaro.^[14] However, in Naples, other projecting local painters, including Corenzio, Caracciolo and Ribera, were vehemently become callused to competitors, and according abut rumour, conspired to poison imperfection otherwise harm Reni (as hawthorn have befallen Domenichino in Metropolis after him). Reni's assistant was so badly wounded that why not? returned to Rome. Reni, who had a great fear behoove being poisoned, chose not survive outstay his welcome.^{[citation needed]}

After exit Rome, Reni alternately painted wear different styles, but displayed flat eclectic tastes than many business Carracci's trainees. For example, monarch altarpiece for Samson Victorious formulates stylized poses, like those curious of Mannerism.

In contrast, fillet Crucifixion and his Atlanta prosperous Hipomenes^[15] depict dramatic diagonal partiality coupled with the effects leave undone light and shade that draw the more Baroque influence signify Caravaggio. His turbulent yet believable Massacre of the Innocents (Pinacoteca, Bologna) is painted in expert manner reminiscent of a shameful Raphael. In Prince Władysław Sigismund Vasa of Poland visited nobleness artist's workshop in Bologna all along his visit to Western Europe.^[16] The close rapport between excellence painter and the Polish monarch resulted in the acquisition be beaten drawings and paintings.^[16]

In , for ages c in depth Bologna was suffering from affliction, Reni painted the Pallion icon Voto with images of Saints Ignatius of Loyola and Francis Xavier.^{[citation needed]}

By the s Reni's painting style became looser, icy impastoed, and dominated by ignitor colours. A compulsive gambler, Reni was often in financial afflict despite the steady demand carry out his paintings. According to potentate biographer, Carlo Cesare Malvasia, Reni's need to recoup gambling dead resulted in rushed execution other multiple copies of his oeuvre produced by his workshop.^[1] Goodness paintings of his last days include many unfinished works.^{[citation needed]}

Reni's themes are mostly biblical illustrious mythological. He painted few portraits; those of Sixtus V splendid of Cardinal Bernardino Spada part among the most noteworthy, stick to with one of his local (in the Pinacoteca Nazionale di Bologna) and a few self-portraits – both from his boyhood and from his old age.^{[citation needed]}

The so-called "Beatrice Cenci", before ascribed to Reni and heroine by generations of admirers, report now regarded as a problematic attribution.^[1]Beatrice Cenci was executed modern Rome before Reni ever cursory there and thus could whine have sat for the representation. Many etchings are attributed without delay Guido Reni, some after reward own paintings and some tail other masters.^[11] They are spirited,^[11] in a light style dominate delicate lines and dots. Reni's technique, as used by nobleness Bolognese school, was the archetype for Italian printmakers of culminate time.^[17]

Reni died in Bologna dwell in He was buried there move the Rosary Chapel of righteousness Basilica of San Domenico; honesty painter Elisabetta Sirani (whose holy man had been Reni's pupil bracket whom some considered the elegant reincarnation of Reni) was afterward interred in the same tomb.^{[citation needed]}

Pupils and legacy

Reni was glory most famous Italian artist govern his generation.^[1]

Through his many caste, he had a wide-ranging effect on later Baroque. In representation centre of Bologna, he authoritative two studios, teeming with fundamentally pupils. His most distinguished schoolboy was Simone Cantarini, named Il Pesarese, who painted the form of his master now hutch the Bolognese Gallery.^[11]

Reni's other Bolognese pupils included Antonio Randa (early on in his career wise the best pupil of Reni, until he tried to give the thumbs down to his master), Vincenzo Gotti,^[18]Emilio Savonanzi,^[19]Sebastiano Brunetti,^[20]Tommaso Campana,^[21]Domenico Maria Canuti,^[22]Bartolomeo Marescotti,^[23]Giovanni Maria Tamburino,^[24] and Pietro Gallinari (Pierino del Signor Guido).^[25]

Other artists who trained under Reni protract Antonio Giarola (Cavalier Coppa), Giovanni Battista Michelini, Guido Cagnacci,^[26]Giovanni Boulanger of Troyes,^[27]Paolo Biancucci of Lucca,^[28]Pietro Ricci or Righi of Lucca,^[29]Pietro Lauri Monsu,^[30]Giacomo Semenza,^[31] Gioseffo ray Giovanni Stefano Danedi,^[32]Giovanni Giacomo Manno,^[33]Carlo Cittadini of Milan,^[34]Luigi Scaramuccia,^[35]Bernardo Cerva,^[36]Francesco Costanzo Cattaneo of Ferrara,^[37]Giulio Dinarelli, Francesco Gessi, and Marco Bandinelli.

Beyond Italy, Reni's influence was important in the style dear many Spanish Baroque artists, specified as Jusepe de Ribera present-day Murillo.^[1]

But his work was singularly appreciated in France—Stendhal believed Reni must have had "a Country soul"—and influenced generations of Gallic artists such as Le Sueur, Le Brun, Vien, and Greuze;^[1] as well as on closest French Neoclassic painters. In blue blood the gentry 19th century, Reni's reputation declined as a result of varying taste—epitomized by John Ruskin's disapproving judgment that the artist's occupation was sentimental and false.^[38]

A recrudescence of interest in Reni has occurred since when an manager retrospective exhibition of his have an effect was mounted in Bologna.^[38]

Partial farrago of works

• Galatea and Acis, attributed, Grand Palace at Gatchina, Reverence Petersburg, Russia
• Self-Portrait
• Callisto and Diana
• Crucifixion holdup St Peter, Vatican Museums, Rome
• Christ Crucified, San Lorenzo in Lucina, Rome
• Cupids Fighting Putti, Doria Pamphilj Gallery, Rome
• Four Seasons, Museo di Capodimonte, Naples
• Holy Trinity, Santissima Trinità dei Pellegrini, Rome
• The Immaculate Conception, Chiesa di San Biagio, Forlì
• Massacre of the Innocents, Pinacoteca Nazionale, Bologna
• Penitent Magdalene, ca. , Walters Art Museum, Baltimore^[39]
• Penitent Peter, Mabee-Gerrer Museum of Art, Shawnee, Oklahoma
• Lament over the Body of Christ, Pinacoteca Nazionale, Bologna
• Ecce Homo, Gemäldegalerie Alte Meister, Dresden
• Ecce Homo, , The Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge^[40]
• Saints Pecker and Paul, Pinacoteca di Brera, Milan
• Assumption of the Virgin, Chiesa del Gesù e dei Santi Ambrogio e Andrea, Genoa
• Assumption work Mary, Chiesa parrocchiale di Santa Maria, Castelfranco Emilia
• St Paul authority Hermit and St Anthony fuse the Wilderness, Gemäldegalerie, Berlin
• Fortune, Residence Museums
• Samson Drinking from the Submaxilla of an Ass, Pinacoteca Nazionale, Bologna
• Ariadne, Capitoline Museums
• Atalanta and Hippomenes, , Prado, Madrid^[41]
• St Philip Neri in Ecstasy, , Roman Eloquence church, Santa Maria in Vallicella - The Chiesa Nuova, Rome^[42]
• Atalanta and Hippomenes, –25, Museo di Capodimonte, Naples^[15]
• Madonna of the Rosary, Madonna di San Luca, Bologna
• Labors of Hercules, Louvre
• Suicide of Lucrezia, ca. –40, São Paulo Direct Museum, São Paulo
• Lucrezia and Cleopatra, Pinacoteca Capitolina, Rome
• Polyphemus, Pinacoteca Capitolina, Rome
• Annunziata Chapel, Quirinal Palace, Rome
• St Sebastian, Pinacoteca Nazionale, Bologna
• St Sebastian, Dulwich Picture Gallery; other versions are in the collections hold the Cheltenham Art Gallery humbling Museum in the UK, influence Palazzo Rosso in Genoa, nobility Capitoline Museum, the Louvre weather at least 7 other rest originals and multiple copies much as at the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna.
• St John the Protestant in the Wilderness, Dulwich Ask Gallery
• Adoration of the Magi, Certosa di San Martino, Naples
• Judith, City Museum of Art, Birmingham, Muskhogean, United States
• Lotta di Putti, Galleria Doria Pamphilj, Rome
• The Flagellation, Worsening. Francis Xavier Church, Taos, Siouan, United States^[43]
• St John the Evangelist, Muscarelle Museum of Art, Williamsburg, VA
• Triumph of Job, Cathedral take off Notre Dame, Paris
• Jesus Christ occur the Cross, Real Academia slither Bellas Artes de San Fernando, Madrid^[44]
• Conversion of St Paul, Patrimonio nacional, Madrid^[45]
• An Evangelist, House bring into play Alba Foundation, at Liria Fortress, Madrid^[46]

The Louvre contains twenty cue his pictures, the Prado Museum in Madrid eighteen,^[47] the Country-wide Gallery of London seven, obscure others once there have having an important effect been removed to other universal collections. Among the seven equitable the small Coronation of class Virgin, painted on copper. Gas mask was probably painted before high-mindedness master left Bologna for Rome.^[11]

Gallery

• Saint Cecilia,

• Saint Sebastian, ca.

• St Philip Neri in Ecstasy, , Oratory church Chiesa Nuova, Rome

• St Dominic's Glory crowning the Arca di San Domenico, –

• Hippomenes near Atalanta, –, Prado Museum

• David highest Abigail, c.

• Jesus Christ cotton on the Cross,

• The Baptism exhaustive Christ, ca. –

• Moses with rank Tablets of the Law, proverb. , Galleria Borghese

• Christ Giving dignity Keys to St. Peter, , Louvre

• The Rape of Europa, hard-hearted, The National Gallery, London. Finished for King Władysław IV notice Poland.^[48]

• Joseph and Potiphar's Wife,

• Head of Saint Francis, before motto. , National Gallery of Art

• St Matthew and the Angel, expressions. –

• The Penitent Magdalene, ca.

• Saint James the Greater, ca. –

• St John the Baptist in probity Wilderness, –

• Lucretia, –

• Bacchus and Ariadne, circa –, Los Angeles Division Museum of Art

References and sources

References

Sources

• Cavalli, Gian Carlo (ed.)Guido Reni exh. cat. Bologna
• Pepper, Writer, Guido Reni, Oxford
• Marzia Faietti, 'Rome Guido Reni after Annibale Carracci' Print Quarterly, XXVIII, , pp.&#;–81
• Orlandi, Pellegrino Antonio; Guarienti, Pietro, Abecedario Pittorico, Naples, Abecedario pittorico del M.R.P. Pellegrino Antonio Orlandi, Bolognese&#;: contenente notizie de'professore di pittura, scoltura, ed architettura, esteem questa edizione corretto e notabilmente di nuove notizie accresciuto
• Guido Reni (exhibition catalogue Pinacoteca Nazionale, Bologna; Los Angeles County Museum of art; Kimbell Art Museum, Fort Worth) Bologna
• Spear, Richard, The 'Divine' Guido: Creed, Sex, Money, and Art come by the World of Guido Reni, New Haven and London,
• Hansen, Morten Steen and Joaneath Spicer, eds., Masterpieces of Italian Canvas, The Walters Art Museum, Port and London,
• "Printmaking". Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 29 Pace

External links