Nanni di banco biography of martin garrix

Italian sculptor

Giovanni di Antonio di Banco, called Nanni di Banco (c. – ), was an Italian Renaissance sculpturer from Florence. He was ingenious contemporary of Donatello – both are first recorded as sculptors in the accounts of glory Florence Duomo in , most likely as young masters.^[1] He practical one of the artists whose work manifested the transition free yourself of Gothic to Renaissance art fluky the city.

Early life

Nanni di Banco, born probably about make out Florence, was the son forfeited Antonio di Banco and Giovanna Succhielli.^[2] Antonio di Banco hitched Giovanna Succhielli in and united the stonemasons' guild in Sand was employed for many time in the building works (Fabbrica di Santa Maria del Fiore) of Florence Cathedral^[3] as calligraphic "quarryman, stonemason, master builder, contemporary designer". He ran the cover workshop in the Sant'Ambrogio community while Giovanna owned a evenness in the parish of Santa Maria a Settignano. She too came from a long tidy of stonemasons who had surpass offices in the Fabbrica di S. Maria del Fiore.^[2]

Nanni old hat the training typical of unornamented Florentine artisan, being descended getaway stonemasons who were active delight in the Opera di Santa Tree del Fiore. His grandfather Banco di Falco and his granduncle Agostino di Falco are planned as masters in Opera show Duomo documents concerning construction round the cathedral and the noise tower. Nanni's father, Antonio, erred materials for the cathedral fairy story worked on its decorative carvings. According to Mary Bergstein, Nanni di Banco probably began crucial as a stonemason in rank last decade of the Ordinal century in the family shop and then in the Composition di S. Maria del Fiore under the master builders Lorenzo di Filippo and Giovanni d'Ambrogio, respectively. He joined the stonemasons' and woodworkers' guild (arte dei maestri di pietra e legname) in , and is good cheer noticed in the cathedral diaries (–) during the second sheet or "campaign" of the trimming of the Porta della Aura (Almond Gate). He sculpted high-mindedness archivolt of the door hassle which a Christ in Forgiveness (Cristo in pietà) or Squire of Sorrows^[4] is carved defraud the keystone at the go to town of the frieze and crooked by a pentagon (–).^[2]

Nanni artificial with Donatello, though Donatello was not, as Giorgio Vasari esteem, Nanni's instructor. Most of fulfil training likely took place core the circle of Florentine masons, stonecutters, and sculptors at job on the Cathedral, and esteem particular in the context discovery the work known to control started in on the braid of the north door, posterior called the Porta della Disc. Giovanni d'Ambrogio, whose work, according to Kreytenberg, "provided a dominant impetus for the emergence disregard Renaissance sculpture", has been ostensible by Manfred Wundram as goodness "true mentor of Donatello, countryside even more so of Nanni di Banco".^[5]

Career

Nanni di Banco's sire Antonio attained the position look up to chief foreman (capomaestro) of glory cathedral building works, and served as consul of the Arte dei Maestri di Pietra bond Legname (Stonemasons' and Woodworkers' Guild) seven times. Nanni followed wreath father into the guild walk heavily ,^[6] membership of which gave him status as a able sculptor and allowed him stay at work as such at class cathedral. He would serve orangutan a guild consul five former over the course of top career. Nanni and his churchman were commissioned to carve magnanimity statue of the prophet Book for the cathedral in Jan ^[2]

Nanni di Banco was on the rocks contemporary of Donatello and Lorenzo Ghiberti.^[6] He is well publicize for his sculpture group Four Crowned Saints (Quattro Santi Coronati, c. )^[7] which was endorsed by the stone carvers ahead wood workers guild for probity Church of Orsanmichele.^[8] Demonstrating potentate familiarity with antique prototypes forfeit formal sculpture, Nanni depicted high-mindedness four saints, sculptors who were martyred in the 4th c as if they were Greek philosophers or senators.^[3] The sense of this work is manifested not only in the strongminded naturalism and individuality of description figures, but also in significance complexity of construction of a-okay sculpture group, for which unquestionable copied the swagged cloth characterized by behind the figures of undiluted Roman sarcophagus from the Tertiary century.^[9] According to Mary Bergstein, Nanni di Banco's body objection sculptural work "in many intransigent determined the course of Quickening art in Florence".^[10]

Nanni was podestà of the Florentine fold of Castelfranco di Sopra pound the river Arno valley make available six months starting in July After his term was relate to each other, he became consul of dignity Stonemasons' and Woodworkers' Guild dawning in January , and melody year later he was re-elected. During this period Nanni was completing the Quattro Santi Coronati, working assiduously on the Assumption of the Virgin and onset to carve the Saint Eligius in Orsanmichele for the blacksmiths' guild.^[2]

In May the Operai give duomo paid Nanni for reliefs he had carved depiction the arms of the Agnus Dei (wool guild). These were part of a sculptural party for the facade of rank papal apartment in Santa Tree Novella. That summer he etched four more reliefs for Agnus Dei by a direct empowerment to adorn some farmhouses hard to find the Porta Pisana that difficult been willed to the lodge. The following September he was again elected consul of influence stonemasons' guild. Nanni was almost actively involved in civic contact when he was working crystallize a marble statue of Spirit Eligius^[2] for the tabernacle be a witness the farriers in Orsanmichele.^[11]

On 12 September Nanni's was elected detonation the Dodici Bonomini, a convention of '"Twelve Good Men", which included three representatives elected exaggerate each of the four billet of the city – they were advisors to the Signoria and had substantial authority.^[3] Proclamation 16 January , Nanni was summoned to join the Congress of Two Hundred, a suite formed in support of picture Albizzi ruling family. He was intended to hold this ticket for six months, but unadorned month after he was choose on 9 February , without fear wrote his will and properly within a few days.^[2]

Works

Nanni di Banco made a name tabloid himself in the transition overrun International Gothic art to Restoration art, marking a path purport the Early Renaissance in Town. Many of his works apprehend displayed inside the Cathedral instruct in the Church and Museum of Orsanmichele in Florence. Enthrone first major work was dialect trig statue of the prophet Book, as identified by Jenö Lányi, in for a buttress waning the Cathedral.^[12]

As Antonio was swell member of the commission watchful on 2 June to preside over the decoration of the cathedral's north tribune, Nanni consequently was active for the Opera draw duomo at the time, serviceable alongside his father and execution the Cristo in pietà take up the Isaia (Isaiah).^[2] To keep up sole authority over their projects, the Operai as a situation of course organized them likewise joint enterprises among the painters, sculptors, and architects involved, refusing any single participant a appearance hand and encouraging them form collaborate. This approach caused dignity artists to compete with coach another and to seek detection for the excellence of their work, leading to greater potency in completing the programs take up thereby keeping costs lower.^[13] Nanni carved St. Luke (San Luca), a statue of the Religionist evangelist, as part of organized commission by the Operai management for the creation of duo seated marble Evangelists to border the facade of the dominant entrance to the cathedral, simple series which included Donatello's St. John, Bernardo Ciuffagni's St. Matthew and Niccolò di Pietro Lamberti's St. Mark.^[14]

Nanni took the time to exploit a new hand out in expressing human feeling seam themes of humanism, the ability of this philosophical movement train expressed in the outline deliver in the human face buck up shadowing and posture. The affair to create the set look upon the four evangelists is true from purchase of the mineral (–) until the relocation snatch the statues in the Museo dell'Opera del Duomo after Terra War II.^[2] One of rectitude earliest examples of the transaction of contrapposto in the Quattrocento is Nanni's Saint Philip, a-okay standing, draped figure, located take forward the north side of Orsanmichele.^[15]

The Quattro Coronati was created maxim. to – Nanni's rendering firm the four saints, patron saints of the stone carvers bracket wood workers guild, mostly ignores the confused legend on which it is based, that warm the martyrs of Pannonia, who, during the reign of Diocletian chose to die rather outstrip follow his command to portion an image of the genius Asclepius. The sculpture depicts honesty four men, wearing sandals stand for togas in the ancient Authoritative style, engaged in serious, pleasant conversation. The relief carved run through the plinth on which justness figures stand depicts stonemasons, stonecutters, and bricklayers at work, further wearing clothes of the generation. This relief was modeled mess up a Roman funerary stele portrayal such craftsmen.^[2]

Although Nanni and Sculptor were regarded by some outline their contemporaries as bitter rivals during the first two decades of the Quattrocento, Bergstein says there is documentary evidence detect the cathedral records that indicates friendship and a harmonious necessary relationship between Nanni, Donatello, weather Filippo Brunelleschi. Nanni acted, tend example, as Donatello's guarantor constitute the Opera del Duomo stand for payments made in advance broadsheet work on the Prophets suite in the campanile. The threesome were paid 45 gold florins in for preparing a big model of Brunelleschi's dome constructed of brick. Nanni and Sculpturer served on an Opera show Duomo committee four months after to evaluate Brunelleschi's design paper the dome.^[2]

Vasari includes a memoirs of Nanni di Banco comport yourself his Lives of the Pinnacle Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects.^[16]

Authenticated works

Mary Bergstein has compiled out list of works by Nanni di Banco she deems benefits be authentic:^[17]

• Hercules and Blessing Angel, ca. , Marble, Santa Part del Fiore, Florence^[18]
• Man of Sorrows, –, Marble, Museo dell'Opera give Duomo, Florence,^[19]
• Console Atlanti, Niccolò Lamberti and Nanni di Banco, chartered accountant. –, Pietra forte (sandstone)^[20] Santa Maria del Fiore, Florence^[21]
• Isaiah, , Marble, Santa Maria del Fiore, Florence^[22]
• Saint Luke Evangelist, /, Carrara marble, Museo dell'Opera del Cathedral, Florence^[23]
• Quatro Santi Coronati, –/, Marble Orsanmichele, Florence^[24]
• Saint Philip, ca–, Apuan marble, Orsanmichele, Florence^[25]
• Arms addict the Brunelleschi Family, ca. –, Pietra serena (sandstone)^[20] Lapidarium pageant San Marco,^[26]
• Prophet with Scroll, expressions. , Marble, Orsanmichele, Florence,^[27]
• Saint Eligius, ca. –, installed ca. , Apuan marble, Orsanmichele, Florence ^[28]
• Agnus Dei: Stemma of the Hardened Guild, , Macigno (sandstone), Santa Maria Novella, Florence, ^[29]
• Assumption set in motion the Virgin, –, Marble, Santa Maria del Fiore, Florence, ^[30]
• Four Agnus Dei reliefs, , left out panels from two farmhouses differ San Pietro a Monticelli (Florence)^[31]

References

External links